INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING

Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the optimization of use of human, technical, information and optimal handling and management of the processing systems of goods and services, evaluation of integrated systems used in fields personal, wealth, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials and processes, in order to obtain products or useful services to society and high regard for the environment. Mechanical Engineering uses the principles, methods of analysis, synthesis of engineering and design to specify, evaluate, predict and improve the results obtained from such systems. Industrial engineering knowledge and methods used in the mathematical, physical, social, public policy, management techniques etc. a broad and generic way to determine, design, specify, analyze, implement and continuously improve the systems.

THE CHALLENGE OF COMPETITIVENESS FOR VENEZUELAN COMPANIES AND FACTORS AFFECTING PRODUCTIVITY IN VENEZUELA.

The challenge of competitiveness means;

• Generate and raise sufficient tax revenues.

• Raise the prices of public goods and services.

• Accelerating the privatization process and promote the flow of private capital into all sectors of the economy.

• Reforming social systems and job security.

• Reject widespread price controls, the large-scale government intervention and protectionism.

• Develop strategies and business structures more consonant with the requirements of local and international competition.

• Develop a rivalry that encourages improvement and innovation.

• Pressing ahead with market-oriented reforms and making markets work in the Venezuelan context.

Companies that succeed in international competition are those that;

• Constantly they are seeking, developing and exploiting new advantages.

• Improve your locale, through investments in education, training, supplier development, development and adaptation of technology.

• Face the challenge of competitiveness by combining the specific advantages of their country strategies developed specific advantages of the company.

The industry term has been paid to misunderstandings; while the term originally applied to manufacturing, it has spread to many other service sectors.

Industrial engineering is also closely identified with operations management, systems engineering and manufacturing engineering, a distinction that seems to depend on the viewpoint or motives of those who use it.

In the area of ​​healthcare industrial engineers are commonly known as administrators or engineers engineers in health systems.

Industrial engineering in Spain grouped under the same term industrial engineering to other engineering activities such as chemical engineering, electrical engineering metallurgical o engineering; the industrial engineering term is used in Spain to refer to whatever is called industrial engineering. In Spain, following the adaptation of university degrees to the European Higher Education Area, the title entitling the holder to exercise the profession of industrial engineering is the title of Master in Industrial Engineering.

Industrial Engineering in Latin America relates to the profession that specializes in knowledge production (simulation, operations research, engineering methods, data handling, production control and statistical) as well as knowledge management, finance and economics. By the latter it is currently an Industrial Engineer plays many positions in the labor market varied from heavy industry to banks and hospitals.

Industrial engineering, covers several areas of activity, such as management science, seeks projects, supply chain management, operations research, systems engineering, ergonomics, quality engineering and process engineering. Besides improving industrial engineering work processes.

This activity is regulated in many countries, so to exercise a license or approval of an association of engineers is required.

Examples of mechanical engineering applications include the design of new systems work in banks, improvements in operations and emergencies in hospitals, the overall distribution of products, and the reduction and improvement of waiting lines in banks, hospitals, theme parks and vehicular traffic systems.

Mechanical engineers commonly used statistics and computer simulation, especially discrete event simulation for analysis and evaluation

Frederick Taylor is credited as the father of the discipline of engineering industrial.1 earned a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Steven also he obtained several patents for his inventions. His books, Purchase Management and scientific management principles that were published in 1900, were the beginning of the Industrial Engineering. Improvements in work efficiency under his methods are based on improving working methods, development of labor standards and reducing the time required to perform the job. With an unshakable faith in the scientific method, the contribution of Taylor in his "time study" sought a high level of precision and predictability for manual tasks.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN VENEZUELA.

From the point of view of practical or professional practice, usually it can be the industrial engineer within an organization inclined basically three main aspects, which can be broken down each differently, depending on the type of company and their needs. But overall, the industrial engineer acts according to the following criteria:

• In a small business, which is usually the only engineer and therefore must face problems either construction, electricity, machinery, handling liquids and gases, solids handling, organization, salary and incentives personnel, market and quality and many other tasks, responsibilities or disadvantages arise daily. This work does not allow you to orient yourself to any particular specialty, but instead, it becomes a problem solver while improving the production process, understood globally.

• In a larger company, in which there are specialized functions for the various branches of engineering. In this case the mechanical engineer can for example, be responsible for monitoring production, quality analysis, product marketing, purchasing raw materials, safety and industrial hygiene, inventory management and / or warehouses , among others.

• The latest and newest of the aspects of industrial engineering work in general terms in Venezuela, is the consultant or project analyst at a consulting firm.

PROFILE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN VENEZUELA .

The industrial engineer is a professional who supported a solid humanistic , technical and scientific training , conducts activities such as ;

Management and Personnel Management .

•Production control.

• Production Planning .

QA.

• Quality Planning .

• Organization of Quality Control Systems .

Operations research.

• System Organization .

• Structuring Models and Analysis of it.

Industrial Hygiene and Safety .

• Establish education programs for the training of staff and program safety campaigns .

• Establish programs for inspection of machines , equipment and workplaces .

Methods or engineering studies Movements and times .

• Balance line .

• Measurement of work .

• Studies of methods.

Product Engineering.

• Product design.

• Production Process Design.

Project Engineering.

• Market Survey.

• Determining the size and location.

Staff Administration.

• job evaluation.

• Study of wages.

Besides all the above industrial engineer must possess the following qualities;

• Interest in scientific work; It expressed in curiosity, enjoyment and dedication of efforts to scientific problems.

• Methodical attitude and discipline at work; It expressed in good time management, and planning and organizing activities.

•             Attention; speed and accuracy in performing simple tasks.

• Cooperation; ability to work effectively in teams to perform specific tasks and projects.

• Numeracy; verbal aptitude for working with numbers and solving arithmetic problems.

• Ability to communicate; ability to communicate verbally and nonverbally based on logic and warmth.

• Analytical and synthetic capacity; ability to observe the details of a reality or system so that the parties are related and are displayed in full.

• Humanistic Interest; ability to demonstrate sensitivity to human situations in need of technological and scientific solutions.

• Abstract thinking; proven ability to work with symbols, relationships, spaces within formulas formalized languages.

• Accountability; alone or in groups assume a role of effective participation in the conduct of a process or the performance of a task

• Ethical and social responsibility; demonstrated sensitivity to social problems of continuity or group to the point of maintaining respect before interests, perceptions, values.

• Memory;  ability to retain information and remember things that were learned some time .

• Creativity and innovation; ability to propose new ways, new alternatives, resolution of problems and situations, using different thoughts.

• Verbal attitude; ability to quickly understand the meaning of the words of a verbal context.

• Psychological aspect; to be a team, interdisciplinary, it must adapt to the group.

OCCUPATIONAL MARKET INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER.

The graduate in this field have the ability to work in most areas of industry. These include the planning and scheduling of production, maintenance, quality control, management of production systems, plant design, studies redistribution facilities, installation of complete plants, among others. In addition to their interdisciplinary training, you can also work in the areas of project evaluation and economic assessment in financial institutions such as commercial banks and brokerage firms, or any institution with economic evaluation related areas.

It can be classified as follows;

Public sector.

• Ministries: Health, Energy and Mines, Finance, Agriculture and Livestock, Transport and Communications.

• Industrial Development Fund.

• Regional development corporations.

• Corpoindustria, state governors and mayors.

• Bank entities.

• Institutes of higher education, teaching and research.

• Companies and institutes of services in the state.

• Agribusiness.

Private sector.

• Offices of advice and technical assistance.

• Manufacturing sector.

• Consulting firms.

• Universities or private educational institutions.

 • Industrial plants of different nature.

• Banks and private lenders to finance the industrial sector.

• Companies industrial maintenance.

• Business sales, marketing and distribution of goods.